همکاری با انجمن روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، ایران

چکیده

محیطِ در حال تغییر و دگرگونی، سازمان‌ها را ملزم به توجه به خلاقیت و نوآوری می‌کند. سازمان‌ها باید به طور مداوم خلاق باشند تا بتوانند مزیت رقابتی داشته باشند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر خلاقیت به روش فراتحلیل در سازمان‌های ایرانی است، تا از این طریق بتوان با یکپارچه‌سازی پژوهش‌های مجزای انجام‌شده در زمینه خلاقیت، عوامل مؤثر بر آن را شناسایی و اندازه اثر هریک از عوامل و میزان همگنی مطالعات انجام‌شده را مشخص نمود. روش پژوهش، فراتحلیل است. بدین منظور از نرم‌افزار CAM2 استفاده‌ شده است. در جستجوی اولیه با معیارهای ورود سال پژوهش و زبان پژوهش از پایگاه‌های داده مورد بررسی 1687 سند مرتبط با موضوع یافت گردید. پس از آن، با معیارهای درون‌گنجی 170 پژوهش گزینش و در فرایند فراتحلیل وارد شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد عوامل سازمانی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر خلاقیت سازمانی داشته و توانسته 52/0 درصد از تغییرات خلاقیت سازمانی را تبیین کند. همچنین، نتایج آزمون ناهمگونی نشان­دهنده آن بود که بین مطالعات مورد بررسی ناهمگنی وجود دارد که به همین جهت از اندازه اثر تصادفی استفاده شد. نمودار قیفی نیز حاکی از آن است که خطای استاندارد پایین و سوگیری نسبتاً کم است، که درواقع بیانگر توزیع نرمال و تصادفی است و خطای مشاهده‌شده نیز ناشی از انواع اریب احتمالی می‌باشد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان­دهنده آن بود که از میان متغیرهای بررسی‌شده فرهنگ بوروکراسی، فرهنگ سلسله مراتبی، پیچیدگی شغل، راهبرد رفتارمحور، تفویض اختیار با مقدار معنی­داری P>0.05، بدون تأثیر بر خلاقیت سازمانی گزارش شده است. همچنین متغیرهای استراتژی و سیاست‌های دانش‌محور و فرهنگ قبیله‌ای با اندازه اثرهای 65/0 و 63/0، بیشترین درصد تغییرات خلاقیت در سازمان‌های ایرانی، و متغیر رهبری عملگرا با اندازه اثر 17/0 کمترین درصد تغییرات خلاقیت در سازمان‌های ایرانی را تبیین کرده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد تلاش برای بهبود فرهنگ سازمانی به ویژه غنی‌سازی فرهنگ قبیله‌ای و هم‌چنین تدوین استراتژی‌های مدیریت دانش سازمانی و برنامه‌ریزی برای اجرای این استراتژی‌ها تأثیر قابل توجهی بر توسعه‌ خلاقیت سازمانی در سازمان‌های ایرانی خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Organizational Factors Affecting Organizational Creativity: A Meta-Analysis Study in Some Iranian Organizations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fateme Motavalli Jafarabadi 1
  • Ali Yazdkhasty 2
  • Zahra Sadeqi-Arani 3

1 Master Student of Educational Management, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
In a changing environment, organizations should consider creativity and innovation in the workplace. It would be a competitive advantage for organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting creativity through meta-analysis in Iranian organizations by integrating separate research conducted in the field of creativity, the factors affecting it and the effect size of each factor and the degree of homogeneity.
Method
The research method is meta-analysis. CAM2 software has been used for this purpose. In the initial search based on the year and language, 1687 related documents were found from the studied databases. After that, 170 pieces of research were selected by inclusion criteria and entered into the meta-analysis process.
 
Results
Findings showed that at the 95% confidence level, organizational factors have a significant effect on organizational creativity and can explain 0.52% of changes in organizational creativity variable. Also, the results of the heterogeneity test indicated that there is heterogeneity between the studies, which is why the random effect size has been used. The funnel diagram also indicated that the standard error is low and the bias is relatively low, it indicates a normal and random distribution, and the observed error is due to possible oblique types.
The results of this study show that the P-value of bureaucracy culture, hierarchical culture, job complexity, behavior-oriented strategy, and delegation is more than 0.05. These variables did not affect organizational creativity. Also, the variables of strategy and policies based on knowledge and tribal culture with the effect size of 0.65 and 0.63, the highest percentage of creativity changes in Iranian organizations, and the variable of pragmatic leadership with the effect size of 0.17, the lowest percentage of creativity changes in Iranian organizations.
 
Discussion
On the basis of research results, efforts to improve organizational culture, especially the enrichment of tribal culture, as well as development of organizational knowledge management strategies, and planning to implement these strategies will have a significant impact on the development of organizational creativity in Iranian organizations.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meta-analysis
  • organizational creativity
  • creative behavior
  • organizational factors
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