نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری
نویسندگان
1 دکتری رشته مدیریت، مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
2 استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
3 استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران
چکیده
قرارداد روانشناختی به‌عنوان باور و ادارک کارکنان در مورد شرایط و ضوابط یک توافق مبادله متقابل بین آن‌ها و طرف دیگر تعریف شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه یک نمای جامع و واضح از پژوهش‌های قراردادهای روانشناختی و پیشنهاد مسیرهای پژوهشی برای پژوهشگران آتی جهت پر کردن شکاف‌های پژوهشی می‌باشد. جستجوی نظام‌مند در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر بین‌المللی و داخلی در آذرماه 1400 انجام شد. با پیروی از پروتکل‌های ابزار پیشنهادی برای بررسی مرور نظام‌مند و معیارهای ورود و خروج درنهایت 22 مقاله وارد تحلیل بخش کیفی شدند. قراردادهای روانشناختی پرستاران را می‌توان به سه مضمون کلی تقسیم کرد. مضمون اول بر فرایند شکل‌گیری و توسعه قرارداد روانشناختی متمرکز است. مضمون دوم، بر شناسایی محتوا و ماهیت این قراردادها متمرکز است. مضمون سوم، بر فرایند تحقق و نقض قرارداد روانشناختی متمرکز است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که باوجود علاقه و فعالیت روبه‌رشد تحقیقات منتشرشده درمورد پرستاران و قراردادهای روانشناختی، و علی‌رغم تشخیص این موضوع که مفهوم قراردادهای روانشناختی یک چارچوب نظری ارزشمند برای کمک به درک تجربیات پرستاران و چگونگی مدیریت بهتر بیمارستان‌ها است، هنوز اطلاعات زیادی در رابطه با قراردادهای روانشناختی پرستاران وجود دارد که پژوهشگران باید آن‌ها را موردمطالعه قرار دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A systematic review of research on psychological contracts of nurses
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohsen Yaghoubi 1
- Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi 2
- Mohammad Sadegh Sharifirad 3
1 PhD of Management, Human Resources Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Public Administration Dept., Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Nurses who are at the forefront of the health system and have one of the most challenging jobs, experience high levels of risk and emotional conflict due to the fact that they often face stressful situations, and are more likely to reduce job satisfaction and organizational commitment that eventually leads to leaving the nursing profession. Nurses' work is characterized by the emotional and psychological needs of high-risk situations. The purpose of the current research is to provide a comprehensive and clear overview of psychological contract research and suggest research directions for future researchers to fill research gaps. Psychological contract is defined as the employees' beliefs and perceptions about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between them and the other party. Psychological contract is important in labor relations and is shaped based on the attitudes and behaviors of the various parties to the contract.
Method
A systematic search was conducted in international and domestic databases in Azar 1400. Following the protocols of the proposed tools for systematic review and inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 22 articles were selected for analysis.
Results
A total of 22 articles were identified from 1999 to 2021, of which 14 were conducted in the last seven years. The number of samples varied from 10 nurses for interviews to 1039 nurses through online questionnaires. All records were cross-sectional of which 16 were quantitative, 5 were qualitative and one used combined method. Nurses' psychological contracts were divided into three general themes. The first theme focused on the process of formation and development of psychological contract. The second theme focused on identifying the content and nature of these contracts. The third theme focused on the process of fulfilling and breach of the psychological contract.
Discussion
The results showed that despite the growing interest and effort of published research on nurses and psychological contracts, and despite recognizing that the concept of psychological contracts is a valuable theoretical framework to understand nurses' experiences and how to better manage hospitals, yet there is a lot of information about nurses' psychological contracts that future papers should study. Moreover, as cross-sectional approach was the only used method so far, it is suggested to do longitudinal designs in future studies. In a cross-sectional study, it cannot be said with certainty that the effective factors unilaterally affect the fulfillment or breach and there is no inverse relationship. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the process of formation, development, content, fulfillment and breach of nurses' psychological contracts can be noted in future studies.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Psychological Contract
- Content of Psychological Contract
- Formation and Development of Psychological Contract
- Fulfillment and Breach of Psychological Contract
- Nurse
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