همکاری با انجمن روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

یکی از موضوعات مهم در زمینه تفاوت کارکنان از نظر گرایش به رفتارهای شغلی مخرب، بحث صفات شخصیتی است. عملکرد فردی و سازمانی با رفتارها و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی کارکنان رابطه مستقیم دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش صفات پنج‌گانه تاریک شخصیت (ماکیاولیسم، جامعه‌ستیزی، خودشیفتگی، دیگرآزاری و کینه­توزی) در پیش‌بینی رفتارهای شغلی مخرب (سوءاستفاده، اخلال در تولید، خرابکاری، سرقت، ترک شغل) بود. برای این منظور تعداد 200 نفر از کارکنان ادارات و سازمان‌های دولتی و غیردولتی شهر خوی به روش نمونه ­گیری در دسترس انتخاب و با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه‌های صفات پنج‌گانه تاریک شخصیت و فهرست رفتارهای شغلی مخرب مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. داده‌های گردآوری شده با استفاده از روش همبستگی و رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام و به‌وسیله نرم‌افزار SPSS-22 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که صفات تاریک شخصیت که شامل ماکیاولیسم، جامعه­ستیزی، خودشیفتگی، دیگرآزاری و کینه‌توزی بود با رفتارهای شغلی مخرب یعنی، سوءاستفاده، اخلال در تولید، خرابکاری، سرقت، ترک شغل رابطه معنی‌دار دارند و در این میان جامعه‌ستیزی با همه رفتارهای شغلی مخرب مرتبط بود. تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که سوءاستفاده (0/22=R2) به‌وسیله ماکیاولیسم، جامعه­ ستیزی و خودشیفتگی؛ اخلال در تولید (24/0=R2) به‌وسیله جامعه‌ستیزی، دیگرآزاری و کینه‌توزی؛ خرابکاری (0/12=R2) از طریق جامعه­ ستیزی و دیگرآزاری؛ سرقت (0/80=R2) از طریق جامعه­ ستیزی؛ و درنهایت ترک شغل (0/13=R2) به‌وسیله جامعه­ستیزی و خودشیفتگی پیش‌ینی شد. ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و به‌ویژه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی نابهنجار، در ردیف اول عوامل تأثیرگذار در رفتارهای شغلی مخرب قرار دارند. به این ترتیب می‌توان آن‌ها را پیش‌بینی‌کننده قوی برای انواع مختلف رفتار مخرب در محیط کار در نظر گرفت. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که صفات شخصیتی یکی از مهم‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های رفتارهای شغلی مخرب هستند. یکی از کاربردهای مهم یافته‌ها این است که از طریق این تحلیل‌های شخصیتی، می‌توان الگوهای شخصیتی مؤثر در رفتارهای شغلی مخرب را که هزینه‌های مادی و اجتماعی برای سازمان‌ها و صنایع به همراه دارد، شناسایی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behaviors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Yousefi 1
  • Behnam Yousefi 2

1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

2 MA in Economical Science, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
One of the important issues in the field of employee differences in terms of the tendency towards counterproductive work behaviors is the personality traits. Individual and organizational performance has a direct relationship with the behaviors and personality traits of employees. The purpose of the present research was to study the role of dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism and spitefulness) in predicting counterproductive work behaviors (misuse, production deviance, sabotage, theft, withdrawal).
 
Method
The statistical population was the employees of the governmental and non-
governmental offices and organizations of Khoy City, 200 employees were selected as statistical sample through a convenient sampling method. Instruments included Dark Personality Traits and the Counterproductive Work Behavior Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression methods through SPSS 23 software.
 
Results
The results showed that dark personality traits, including; Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism and spitefulness are related significantly with counterproductive work behaviors (misuse, production deviance, sabotage, theft, withdrawal) and psychopathy have relationship to all counterproductive work behaviors. Regression analysis showed that the misuse behaviors (R2=0.22) by Machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism; The production deviance (R2=0.24) by psychopathy, sadism and spitefulness; The sabotage (R2=0.12) by psychopathy and sadism; The theft (R2=0.08) by psychopathy; And finally, the withdrawal (R2=0.13) was predicted by psychopathy and narcissism.
 
Discussion
Personality traits and especially abnormal personality traits are in the first row of influential factors in ineffective and counterproductive work behaviors. In this way, they can be considered as strong predictors of different forms of deviant behaviors in the workplace. It can be concluded that personality traits are one of the most important predictors of counterproductive work behaviors. One of the important applications of the findings is that through these personality analyses it is possible to identify personality patterns that are effective in counterproductive work behaviors that leads to some costs for organizations and industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dark personality traits
  • job behaviors
  • counterproductive work behaviors
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