همکاری با انجمن روان‌شناسی صنعتی و سازمانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف در این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر قالب‌های فکری جنسیتی بر عدم ارتقاء شغلی کارکنان زن است. پژوهش حاضر به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته صورت گرفته است. آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه‌‌شده، بیانگر قابلیت اعتماد خوب پرسشنامه می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را کارمندان زن در دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران تشکیل می‌دهند. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای 149 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که بین عدم ارتقاء شغلی زنان و قالب‌های فکری جنسیتی رابطه وجود دارد. در میان متغیرهای زمینه‌ای، فقط سطح تحصیلات به‌عنوان عامل تأثیر‌گذار بر عدم ارتقاء شغلی زنان و قالب‌های فکری جنسیتی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Gender Stereotypes on the Lack of Promotion in Female Employees

نویسنده [English]

  • Badri Borandegi

Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of gender stereotypes on the lack of promotion of female employees. The method of this study was Survey. Cronbach's alpha indicated a good reliability of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study was all female employees of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch of Tehran. From this population 149 employees were selected by stratified random sampling mehtod. Findings of the research indicated that there is a relationship between the lack of promotion of women's job and gender stereotypes. Among the contextual variables, only the level of education is an affecting factor on the lack of promotion of women's occupation and gender stereotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • lack of job promotion
  • gender stereotypes
Ahmadi, H., & Garoosi, S. (2004). The effect of some social and cultural factors on gender inequality in families of Kerman and its surrounding villages. Quareriy Journal of Womens Studies Sociological and Psychological, 2(6), 5-30. (Persian)
Allen, B. P. (1995). Gender Stereotypes are not accurate. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(2), 350-359.
Amancio, L. (2005). Reflections on science as a gendered endeavour: Changes and continuities. Social Science Information, 44(1), 65-83.
Aron, R. (1991). Basic thoughts in sociology. In B. Parham (Ed.). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publication. (Persian)
Aronson, E. (1994). Social psychology. In H. Shokrkon (Ed.). Tehran: Roshd Publication. (Persian)
Asch, S. E. (1952). Social psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Azar, A., & Momeni, M. (2001). Statistics and its application in management
(Vol. 2 8th ed.). Tehran: Samt Publication. (Persian)
Bandura, A. (1969). Social-learning theory of identificatory processes. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 213-262). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
Bates, D., & Plag, F. (1996). Cultural anthropology. In M. Salasi (Ed.). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publication. (Persian).
Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88(4), 354-364.
Brown, L. M., & Gilligan, C. (1992). Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. New York: Ballantine Books.
Campbell, P. B., & Storo, J. N. (1994). Girls are, boys are: Myths, stereotypes & gender differences. Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education.
Dezill, J., Bedar, L., & Lamars, L. (2001). Social psychology. In H. Ganji (Ed.). Tehran: Savalan Publication. (Persian)
Dovidio, J. F, Gaertner, S. L., & Kawakami, K. (2003). Intergroup contact: The past, present and the future. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 6(1), 5-21.
Ehsani, M., Bushehr Shahri, S. N., Koseh Chian, H., & Moshabaki Isfahani, A. (2008). Evaluation and ranking of preventive factors of women's promotion to management positions in sports departments of Khuzestan province. Research in Sport Sciences, 6(19), 171-189. (Persian)
Elkin, F., & Handel, G. (1972). The child and society: The process of socialization. New York: Random House.
Esfidani, M. R. (2004). Studying barriers for women to attend executive positions in the executive branch (ministries based in Tehran). M. A. Thesis of Management, Tehran University, Tehran. (Persian)
Ezazi, Sh. (2001a). Reflecting on social expectations on TV. Journal of Women's Research, 1(1), 101-131. (Persian)
Ezazi, Sh. (2001b). Structural analysis of gender, attitude toward gender analysis in Iran. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. (Persian)
Garossi, S., & Ghorbanzadeh, R. (2007). The effect of some factors affecting on job satisfaction and the possibility of job promotion of employed women: Kerman. Journal of Women's Studies, 1(3), 33-55. (Persian)
Gupta, N., & Sharma, A. K. (2003). Gender inequality in the work environment at institutes of higher learning in science and technology in India. Work, Employment and Society, 17(4), 597-616.
Humienfar, E. (2003). The transformation of gender socialization. Women in Development and Politics (Women's Research), 3(7), 12-19. (Persian)
Jafar Nejad, A., & Esfidani M. R. (2005). Women's situation in employment and management of case study of Iran. Women's Studies, 3(7), 77-104. (Persian)
Kajbaf, M. B., & Kazemi, M. (2008). The attitude of employees of Isfahan education organization to women's management and barriers to women's promotion to managerial positions. Quareriy Journal of Womens Studies Sociological and Psychological, 6(3), 133-148. (Persian)
Kar, M. (2000). Women in the labor market of Iran. Tehran: Roshangaran Publications and Women's Studies Center. (Persian)
Kattara, H. (2005). Career challenges for female managers in Egyptian hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(3), 238-251.
Khamseh, A. (2004). A study of gender role and cultural stereotypes in female students. Journal of Women's Studies, 2(6), 115-134. (Persian)
Kuklinski, J. H. (2002). Thinking about political psychology. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Lyson, T. A. (1984). Sex differences in the choice of male or female career line: An analysis of background characteristics and works values. Work and Occupations, 11, 131-146.
Mohammadiasl, A. (2002). Gender and participation (1st ed.). Tehran: Roshangaran Publishing and Women's Studies. (Persian)
Noroozi, L., & Hashemi, S. A. (2001). Gender analysis of labor market in Iran and the necessity of reforming the third development plan. Woman in Development and Politics (Women's Research), 1(2), 9-28. (Persian)
Orenstein, P. (1994). School girls: Young women, self-esteem, and the confidence gap. New York, NY: Doubleday.
Ott, J. S., & Shafritz, J. M. (2000). Organizational theories: Myths. In A. Parsaeean (Ed.). Tehran: Farzaneh Publication. (Persian)
Price, A. M. (2011). Constraints and opportunities: The shaping of attitudes toward women’s employment in the Middle East. Ph.D. Thesis of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Riahi, M. E. (2007). Social factors affecting the acceptance of gender stereotypes. Journal of Women's Research, 5(1), 109-138. (Persian)
Saatchi, M. (1998). Management position: Competency or gender. Women's Rights Magazine, 5, 43-49. (Persian)
Sarukhani, B. (1991). An Introduction to sociology of family. Tehran: Soroush Publication. (Persian)
Shepard, J. M. (2007). Sociology (9th ed.). Eagan, Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
Soltani Gord Faramarzi, M. (2006). Sexuality representation in Iranian cinema. Journal of Women's Studies, 4(1 & 2), 61-91 (Persian).
Sotoudeh, H. (1994). Social Psychology (1st ed.). Tehran: Avaye Noor Publication. (Persian)
Steinke, J., Lapinski, M., Zietsman-Thomas, A., Nwulu, P., Crocker, N., Williams, Y., Higdon, S., & Kuchibhotla, S. (2007). Middle school-aged children's attitudes toward women in science, engineering and technology and the effects of media literacy training. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 12(4), 223-395.
Steinke, J., Long, M., Johnson, M. J, & Ghosh, S. (2008). Gender stereotypes of scientist characters in television programs popular among middle school-aged children. Science Communication, 32(3), 356-382.
Taghizadeh, H., Soltani, Gh., & Shokri, A. (2012). Identifying barriers to women's promotion in management posts. Journal of Women and Family Studies, 5(17), 33-50. (Persian)
Wood, J. L., & Sherman, H. (2002). New approaches to sociology. In M. Azkia, (Ed.). Tehran: Kayhan Publication. (Persian)
Yazdkhasti, B., Mirzaie, H. A., & Fathi, L. (2009). A study on the attitude of employees of governmental organizations in east azarbayjan province toward women's management posts. Journal of Women's Research, 7(2), 113-130. (Persian)
Zahedi, Sh. (2007). Women and development. Tehran: Cultural Studies Office.
Zarghami Fard, M. (2000). Examining barriers to job promotion to management posts. M.A. Thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran. (Persian)